docs/depolarization/depolarization.rst

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1 1. Particle Linear Depolarization Ratio Implementation 1 1. Particle Linear Depolarization Ratio Implementation
2 ====================================================== 2 ======================================================
3 3
4 The most important improvement included in the SCC v4.0 is the implementation of a new optical product which is the particle linear depolarization ratio. 4 The most important improvement included in the SCC v4.0 is the implementation of a new optical product which is the particle linear depolarization ratio.
5 5
6 .. important::
7 If your lidar system is not equipped with any polarization channels **NO** changes are required. In this case, the SCC v4.0 should work using the same input files and the same database configurations you have used with the SCC v3.11. Anyway as in the SCC v4.0 several bugs have been fixed, it is recommended to re-run all the measurement IDs you have submitted. For doing that you just need to reprocess all your data without the need to submit raw data files already uploaded on the server.
8
6 1.1 Background 9 1.1 Background
7 -------------- 10 --------------
8 11
9 The calculation of the volume linear depolarization ratio profile (*VLDR*) and particle linear depolarization ratio profile (*PLDR*) needs two different steps: 12 The calculation of the volume linear depolarization ratio profile (*VLDR*) and particle linear depolarization ratio profile (*PLDR*) needs two different steps:
10 13
11 #. the calibration of the polarization sensitive lidar channels; 14 #. the calibration of the polarization sensitive lidar channels;
12 #. the calculation of the *VLDR* or *PLDR* itself. 15 #. the calculation of the *VLDR* or *PLDR* itself.
13 16
14 The SCC allows the user to make both the above points. In particular the calibration step is made by a completely new module called **scc\_calibrator** which computes the *apparent calibration factor* :math:`\beta^*` out of the pre-processed data provided by the standard **ELPP** (Earlinet Lidar Pre-Processor) module and it records it in the SCC database (SCC\_DB). Once logged into the SCC\_DB this factor can be used whenever it is necessary. 17 The SCC allows the user to make both the above points. In particular the calibration step is made by a completely new module called **ELDEC** (Earlinet Lidar Depolarization Calibrator) which computes the *apparent calibration factor* :math:`\eta^*` out of the pre-processed data provided by the standard **ELPP** (Earlinet Lidar Pre-Processor) module and it records it in the SCC database (SCC_DB). Once logged into the SCC_DB this factor can be used whenever it is necessary.
15 18
16 The raw lidar calibration measurements should be put in a NetCDF file which has the same structure as the “standard” raw SCC NetCDF input file (for more details see sections 2 and 3.2). 19 The raw lidar calibration measurements should be put in a NetCDF file which has the same structure as the “standard” raw SCC NetCDF input file (for more details see sections 2 and 3.2).
17 20
18 New signal types have been introduced to take into account special channel configurations used for calibration purposes. 21 New signal types have been introduced to take into account special channel configurations used for calibration purposes.
19 22
20 Moreover new product types for both calibration and *PLDR* calculation have been defined. As, in principle, it is possible to calculate the *PLDR* only when the aerosol backscatter coefficient profile is available the following new products have been defined: 23 Moreover new product types for both calibration and *PLDR* calculation have been defined. As, in principle, it is possible to calculate the *PLDR* only when the aerosol backscatter coefficient profile is available the following new products have been defined:
21 24
22 #. *Linear polarization calibration (factor* h) *(product\_type\_id=6);* 25 #. *Linear polarization calibration (factor* :math:`\eta`) *(product_type_id=6);*
23 #. *Raman backscatter and linear depolarization ratio 26 #. *Raman backscatter and linear depolarization ratio
24 (product\_type\_id=7);* 27 (product_type_id=7);*
25 #. *Elastic backscatter and linear depolarization ratio 28 #. *Elastic backscatter and linear depolarization ratio
26 (product\_type\_id=8).* 29 (product_type_id=8).*
27 30
28 The first product in the above list is used only for calibration while the other two are used for the calculation of *PLDR*. Basically, in most of the cases, the products 2 and 3 are equivalent to the corresponding backscatter product types with the exception that also the following new variables are available: 31 The first product in the above list is used only for calibration while the other two are used for the calculation of *PLDR*. Basically, in most of the cases, the products 2 and 3 are equivalent to the corresponding backscatter product types with the exception that also the following new variables are available:
29 32
30 :: 33 ::
31 34
32 double VolumeDepol(Length) ; 35 double VolumeDepol(Length) ;
33 double ErrorVolumeDepol(Length) ; 36 double ErrorVolumeDepol(Length) ;
34 ErrorVolumeDepol:long\_name = "absolute error of VolumeDepol" ; 37 ErrorVolumeDepol:long_name = "absolute error of VolumeDepol" ;
35 double ParticleDepol(Length) ; 38 double ParticleDepol(Length) ;
36 double ErrorParticleDepol(Length) ; 39 double ErrorParticleDepol(Length) ;
37 ErrorParticleDepol:long\_name = "absolute error of ParticleDepol" ; 40 ErrorParticleDepol:long_name = "absolute error of ParticleDepol" ;
38 41
39 1.2 Polarization calibration 42 1.2 Polarization calibration
40 ---------------------------- 43 ----------------------------
41 44
42 An important point is the definition of reliable *PLDR* calibration procedures. Within EARLINET the following calibration procedures are currently used: 45 An important point is the definition of reliable *PLDR* calibration procedures. Within EARLINET the following calibration procedures are currently used:
43 46
44 a) Rayleigh calibration; 47 a) Rayleigh calibration;
45 b) +45 calibration method, or D90 calibration method (made by +45 and -45 measurements); 48 b) +45 calibration method, or :math:`\Delta90` calibration method (made by +45 and -45 measurements);
46 c) 3 signals (total, cross and parallel). 49 c) 3 signals (total, cross and parallel).
47 50
48 It is well known that method a) could produce easily large errors on *PLDR* which cannot be controlled. For this reason only the methods b) and c) can be used to provide reliable polarization calibrations and so only those methods will be implemented in the SCC. 51 It is well known that method a) could produce easily large errors on *PLDR* which cannot be controlled. For this reason only the methods b) and c) can be used to provide reliable polarization calibrations and so only those methods will be implemented in the SCC.
49 52
50 For what it concerns the method c) it, basically, requires to solve the equation: 53 For what it concerns the method c) it, basically, requires to solve the equation:
57 1.3 SCC procedure to calculate the PLDRP 60 1.3 SCC procedure to calculate the PLDRP
58 ---------------------------------------- 61 ----------------------------------------
59 62
60 According to what mentioned before the SCC calculates the *PLDR* through the following steps: 63 According to what mentioned before the SCC calculates the *PLDR* through the following steps:
61 64
62 #. The user needs to create a new system configuration in the SCC\_DB including only lidar channels used for the calibration. One (or more) *Linear polarization calibration (product\_type\_id=6)* product should be associated to this new configuration (see section 3.2 for more details); 65 #. The user needs to create a new system configuration in the SCC_DB including only lidar channels used for the calibration. One (or more) *Linear polarization calibration (product_type_id=6)* product should be associated to this new configuration (see section 3.2 for more details);
63 66
64 #. This new system configuration should contain only the polarization channels in the configuration used for the calibration (for example rotated in the polarization plane of +45 degrees). A channel in calibration measurement configuration should have a **DIFFERENT** channel ID from the channel ID corresponding to the same channel in standard measurement configuration. For example, if a system has two polarization channels which in standard measurement configuration correspond to the channel ID=1 and 2 respectively, the same physical channels under calibration measurement configuration should correspond to different channel IDs (let's say ID=3 and 4 for the +45 degrees polarization rotated channels and ID=5 and 6 for the -45 degrees polarization rotated ones in case D90 calibration method is used). Moreover, the polarization channels should be labeled correctly using the new signal types available (*+45elPT, +45elPR, -45elPT, -45elPR, +45elPTnr, +45elPTfr, +45elPRnr, +45elPRfr, -45elPTnr, -45elPTfr, -45elPRnr, -45elPRfr).* For more details see section 3.2; 67 #. This new system configuration should contain only the polarization channels in the configuration used for the calibration (for example rotated in the polarization plane of +45 degrees). A channel in calibration measurement configuration should have a **DIFFERENT** channel ID from the channel ID corresponding to the same channel in standard measurement configuration. For example, if a system has two polarization channels which in standard measurement configuration correspond to the channel ID=1 and 2 respectively, the same physical channels under calibration measurement configuration should correspond to different channel IDs (let's say ID=3 and 4 for the +45 degrees polarization rotated channels and ID=5 and 6 for the -45 degrees polarization rotated ones in case D90 calibration method is used). Moreover, the polarization channels should be labeled correctly using the new signal types available (*+45elPT, +45elPR, -45elPT, -45elPR, +45elPTnr, +45elPTfr, +45elPRnr, +45elPRfr, -45elPTnr, -45elPTfr, -45elPRnr, -45elPRfr).* For more details see section 3.2;
65 68
66 #. In SCC v4.0 the polarization channels are **NOT** labeled on the base of their polarization state (as it was done in the SCC v3.11) but **ALWAYS** as transmitted and reflected channels. So the channels that in SCC v3.11 were labeled as *elCP, elCPnr, elCPfr, elPP, elPPnr elPPfr* will be labeled in SCC v4.0 as *elPR, elPRnr elPRfr elPT, elPTnr elPTfr* where the letter *T* stands from transmitted and the letter *R* for reflected. 69 #. In SCC v4.0 the polarization channels are **NOT** labeled on the base of their polarization state (as it was done in the SCC v3.11) but **ALWAYS** as transmitted and reflected channels. So the channels that in SCC v3.11 were labeled as *elCP, elCPnr, elCPfr, elPP, elPPnr elPPfr* will be labeled in SCC v4.0 as *elPR, elPRnr elPRfr elPT, elPTnr elPTfr* where the letter *T* stands from transmitted and the letter *R* for reflected.
67 70
79 *elCPfr→ elPTfr* 82 *elCPfr→ elPTfr*
80 83
81 Please be sure these modifications reflect to your actual lidar setup(cross channels are transmitted and parallel channels are reflected); 84 Please be sure these modifications reflect to your actual lidar setup(cross channels are transmitted and parallel channels are reflected);
82 85
83 4. The user needs to submit a file (same format as raw SCC input file) containing the raw data for the lidar channels defined at the point 1 (see section 3.2 for more details); 86 4. The user needs to submit a file (same format as raw SCC input file) containing the raw data for the lidar channels defined at the point 1 (see section 3.2 for more details);
84 #. The file at point 2 is pre-processed by **ELPP** module which applies the standard pre-processing procedures applied to “standard” lidar data; 87 #. The file at point 4 is pre-processed by **ELPP** module which applies the standard pre-processing procedures applied to “standard” lidar data;
85 #. The pre-processed files are then processed by the new modules **scc\_calibrator** which calculates :math:`\eta^*` *the apparent calibration factor* and logs it into the SCC\_DB; 88 #. The pre-processed files are then processed by the new modules **ELDEC** which calculates :math:`\eta^*` *the apparent calibration factor* and logs it into the SCC_DB;
86 #. The user needs to create a new system configuration in the SCC\_DB (which should be different from the one used for the calibration) and associate it the new product *Raman backscatter and linear depolarization ratio product\_type\_id=7)* or *Elastic backscatter and linear depolarization ratio (product\_type\_id=8).* Alternatively the calculation of those products can be added to an already existing lidar configuration as long as it is different from the calibration one; 89 #. The user needs to create a new system configuration in the SCC_DB (which should be different from the one used for the calibration) and associate it the new product *Raman backscatter and linear depolarization ratio product_type_id=7)* or *Elastic backscatter and linear depolarization ratio (product_type_id=8).* Alternatively the calculation of those products can be added to an already existing lidar configuration as long as it is different from the calibration one;
87 #. The product defined at point 5 should be linked to the product containing the polarization calibration (defined at point 1) in a way that the *apparent calibration factor* can be selected from the SCC\_DB (see section 3.3 and in particular figure 3.4); 90 #. The product defined at point 7 should be linked to the product containing the polarization calibration (defined at point 1) in a way that the *apparent calibration factor* can be selected from the SCC_DB (see section 3.3 and in particular figure 3.4);
88 #. The user needs to submit another SCC raw data file containing the “standard” measurements; 91 #. The user needs to submit another SCC raw data file containing the “standard” measurements;
89 #. Finally **ELPP** and **ELDA** will produce a b-file containing backscatter coefficient profile and *PLDR*. In particular this calculation is made in two different steps: from the pre-processed lidar polarization signals, and taking into account the *apparent calibration factor* and the *calibration factor correction K* (defined as option of *Linear polarization calibration* product\ *)* written into the SCC\_DB, an “apparent” *VLDR* :math:`\delta^*` is calculated. Even if :math:`\delta^*` is a calibrated quantity it can be still affected by possible systematic errors due to not perfect optics or alignment of the system; 92 #. Finally **ELPP** and **ELDA** will produce a b-file containing backscatter coefficient profile and *PLDR*. In particular this calculation is made in two different steps: from the pre-processed lidar polarization signals, and taking into account the *apparent calibration factor* and the *calibration factor correction K* (defined as option of *Linear polarization calibration* product\ *)* written into the SCC_DB, an “apparent” *VLDR* :math:`\delta^*` is calculated. Even if :math:`\delta^*` is a calibrated quantity it can be still affected by possible systematic errors due to not perfect optics or alignment of the system;
90 93
91 #. To take into account these errors a corrected *VLDR* (:math:`\delta`) is calculated using the *polarization cross-talk correction parameters* *G* and *H* calculated on the base of Müller matrix formalism. These cross-talk correction parameters (*G* and *H*) are stored in the SCC\_DB for each lidar channels (see section 3.1 in particular figure 3.2). Finally the *PLDR* is calculated using the backscatter coefficient profile and the molecular LDRP calculated by ELPP considering the center wavelength and bandwidth of the channels interference filter. 94 #. To take into account these errors a corrected *VLDR* (:math:`\delta`) is calculated using the *polarization cross-talk correction parameters* *G* and *H* calculated on the base of Müller matrix formalism. These cross-talk correction parameters (*G* and *H*) are stored in the SCC_DB for each lidar channels (see section 3.1 in particular figure 3.2). Finally the *PLDR* is calculated using the backscatter coefficient profile and the molecular LDRP calculated by ELPP considering the center wavelength and bandwidth of the channels interference filter.
92 95
93 The *apparent calibration factor* :math:`\eta^*` is calculated by the **scc\_calibrator** module as the geometrical mean of the ratio of the +/-45 degrees reflected to the +/- 45 degrees transmitted signals within an altitude calibration range defined by the users in the raw data input files. 96 The *apparent calibration factor* :math:`\eta^*` is calculated by the **ELDEC** module as the geometrical mean of the ratio of the +/-45 degrees reflected to the +/- 45 degrees transmitted signals within an altitude calibration range defined by the users in the raw data input files.
94 97
95 In case of +45 calibration method :math:`\eta^*` is calculated by: 98 In case of +45 calibration method :math:`\eta^*` is calculated by:
96 99
97 .. math:: 100 .. math::
98 \eta^* = \frac{I_R}{I_T}(+45) 101 \eta^* = \frac{I_R}{I_T}(+45)
99 102
100 While in case of D90 calibration method: 103 While in case of :math:`\Delta90` calibration method:
101 104
102 .. math:: 105 .. math::
103 \eta^* = \sqrt{\frac{I_R}{I_T}(+45) \frac{I_R}{I_T}(-45)} 106 \eta^* = \sqrt{\frac{I_R}{I_T}(+45) \frac{I_R}{I_T}(-45)}
104 107
105 **ELDA** module calculates the “apparent” *VLDR*: 108 **ELDA** module calculates the “apparent” *VLDR*:
117 .. math:: 120 .. math::
118 \delta_{\alpha} = \frac{(1 + \delta_m)\delta R - (1 + \delta)\delta_m}{(1 + \delta_m)R - (1 + \delta)} 121 \delta_{\alpha} = \frac{(1 + \delta_m)\delta R - (1 + \delta)\delta_m}{(1 + \delta_m)R - (1 + \delta)}
119 122
120 where: 123 where:
121 124
122 - :math:`\eta^*` is the *apparent calibration factor* calculated by **scc\_calibrator** 125 - :math:`\eta^*` is the *apparent calibration factor* calculated by **ELDEC**
123 126
124 - *K* is the *calibration factor correction* defined as polarization product option 127 - *K* is the *calibration factor correction* defined as polarization product option
125 128
126 - :math:`I_T` and :math:`I_R` are the transmitted and the reflected signals in the polarization detection set-up 129 - :math:`I_T` and :math:`I_R` are the transmitted and the reflected signals in the polarization detection set-up
127 130
128 - :math:`G_{T,R}` and :math:`H_{T,R}` are *polarization cross-talk correction parameters* for the transmitted and reflected signals used to correct for systematic errors. Both these factors are defined in the SCC\_DB for each lidar channel. 131 - :math:`G_{T,R}` and :math:`H_{T,R}` are *polarization cross-talk correction parameters* for the transmitted and reflected signals used to correct for systematic errors. Both these factors are defined in the SCC_DB for each lidar channel.
129 132
130 - :math:`\delta_m` is the molecular linear depolarization ratio calculated by ELPP 133 - :math:`\delta_m` is the molecular linear depolarization ratio calculated by ELPP
131 134
132 - *R* is the backscatter ratio 135 - *R* is the backscatter ratio
133 136
162 +----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ 165 +----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
163 | total | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 166 | total | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
164 +----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ 167 +----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
165 | parallel | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 168 | parallel | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 |
166 +----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ 169 +----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
167 | cross | 1 | -1 | 1 | +1 | 170 | cross | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 |
168 +----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ 171 +----------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
169 172
170 The *apparent calibration factor* (:math:`\eta^*`), *the calibration factor correction* (*K*) and the *polarization cross-talk correction parameters* are stored by **ELPP** module in the intermediate NetCDF files using the following variables: 173 The *apparent calibration factor* (:math:`\eta^*`), *the calibration factor correction* (*K*) and the *polarization cross-talk correction parameters* are stored by **ELPP** module in the intermediate NetCDF files using the following variables:
171 174
172 - :code:`Polarization_Channel_Gain_Factor` (*apparent calibration factor* - :math:`\eta^*` ) 175 - :code:`Polarization_Channel_Gain_Factor` (*apparent calibration factor* - :math:`\eta^*` )
181 2. Changes of the SCC input format 184 2. Changes of the SCC input format
182 ================================== 185 ==================================
183 186
184 The following minor changes have been applied to raw SCC data format: 187 The following minor changes have been applied to raw SCC data format:
185 188
186 #. The optional variable *ID\_Range* has been **REMOVED**; 189 #. The optional variable *ID_Range* has been **REMOVED**;
187 #. The **OPTIONAL** variable :code:`int Signal\_Type(channels)` has been added. The possible values are the same available in the SCC\_DB: 190 #. The **OPTIONAL** variable :code:`int Signal_Type(channels)` has been added. The possible values are the same available in the SCC_DB:
188 191
189 :code:`0` :math:`\rightarrow` :code:`elT` 192 :code:`0` :math:`\rightarrow` :code:`elT`
190 193
191 :code:`1` :math:`\rightarrow` :code:`elTnr` 194 :code:`1` :math:`\rightarrow` :code:`elTnr`
192 195
258 261
259 3. The variables: 262 3. The variables:
260 263
261 :: 264 ::
262 265
263 double Pol\_Calib\_Range\_Min(channels) 266 double Pol_Calib_Range_Min(channels)
264 double Pol\_Calib\_Range\_Max(channels) 267 double Pol_Calib_Range_Max(channels)
265 268
266 have been added. Both these variable are **MANDATORY** for any calibration raw dataset. These variable should be included only the polarization calibration measurements and should specify the altitude range (meters) in which the polarization calibration should be made. For more details see section 3.3; 269 have been added. Both these variable are **MANDATORY** for any calibration raw dataset. These variable should be included only the polarization calibration measurements and should specify the altitude range (meters) in which the polarization calibration should be made. For more details see section 3.3;
267 270
268 4. The variable :code:`Depolarization_Factor` has been **REMOVED**. 271 4. The variable :code:`Depolarization_Factor` has been **REMOVED**.
269 272
273 276
274 .. warning:: After this transition period **ONLY** automatic calibration will be allowed! 277 .. warning:: After this transition period **ONLY** automatic calibration will be allowed!
275 278
276 5. The new **OPTIONAL** variable: 279 5. The new **OPTIONAL** variable:
277 280
278 :code:`string channel\_string\_ID(channels)` 281 :code:`string channel_string_ID(channels)`
279 282
280 has been introduced. 283 has been introduced.
281 284
282 Starting from SCC v4.0 the lidar channel can be identified not only by using integers (as it happened until SCC v3.11) but also by using strings. 285 Starting from SCC v4.0 the lidar channel can be identified not only by using integers (as it happened until SCC v3.11) but also by using strings.
283 286
291 This section describes all the practical steps the users need to follow to switch from SCC v3.11 to new SCC v4.0. 294 This section describes all the practical steps the users need to follow to switch from SCC v3.11 to new SCC v4.0.
292 295
293 :IMPORTANT: 296 :IMPORTANT:
294 If your lidar system is not equipped with any polarization channels **NO** changes are required. In this case, the SCC v4.0 should work using the same input files and the same database configurations you have used with the SCC v3.11. Anyway as in the SCC v4.0 several bugs have been fixed,it is recommended to re-run all the measurement IDs you have submitted. For doing that you just need to reprocess all your data without the need to submit raw data files already uploaded on the server. 297 If your lidar system is not equipped with any polarization channels **NO** changes are required. In this case, the SCC v4.0 should work using the same input files and the same database configurations you have used with the SCC v3.11. Anyway as in the SCC v4.0 several bugs have been fixed,it is recommended to re-run all the measurement IDs you have submitted. For doing that you just need to reprocess all your data without the need to submit raw data files already uploaded on the server.
295 298
296 The practical example reported below describes the modifications required to use the SCC v4.0 for lidar systems equipped with polarization channels. 299 The practical example reported below describes the modifications required to use the SCC v4.0 for lidar systems equipped with polarization channels. Lidar systems not equipped with polarization channels do not require any modification to switch to SCC v4.0.
297 300
298 3.1 Modification of polarization channel parameters 301 3.1 Modification of polarization channel parameters
299 --------------------------------------------------- 302 ---------------------------------------------------
300 303
301 In what it follows it is assumed you already have registered one or more lidar configurations in the SCC database and that such configurations have been already used to produce optical products (aerosol extinction and/or backscatter coefficients) by means of the SCC v3.11. 304 In what it follows it is assumed you already have registered one or more lidar configurations in the SCC database and that such configurations have been already used to produce optical products (aerosol extinction and/or backscatter coefficients) by means of the SCC v3.11.
367 3.2 Definition of new calibration configuration and product 370 3.2 Definition of new calibration configuration and product
368 ----------------------------------------------------------- 371 -----------------------------------------------------------
369 372
370 In this section we will see how to set the polarization calibration parameters: the calibration constant (called :math:`\eta^*` in section 1.3) and the correction to calibration constant (called K in section 1.3). In order to provide such parameters you need to define a new system configuration to be used **ONLY** for calibration purposes. Such new configuration should include the polarization channels in the measurement configuration used for the calibration. Let's suppose we want to use the :math:`\Delta90` calibration method. 373 In this section we will see how to set the polarization calibration parameters: the calibration constant (called :math:`\eta^*` in section 1.3) and the correction to calibration constant (called K in section 1.3). In order to provide such parameters you need to define a new system configuration to be used **ONLY** for calibration purposes. Such new configuration should include the polarization channels in the measurement configuration used for the calibration. Let's suppose we want to use the :math:`\Delta90` calibration method.
371 374
372 In this case we need to define a new configuration (called for example “depol_calibration”) as reported in the table 3.3. As you can see the configuration “depol\_calibration” includes 4 “new” channels. Actually the channels “532 cross +45 degrees” (channel ID=10) and “532 cross -45 degrees” (channel ID=12) refer to the same physical channel “532 cross” reported with channel ID=3 in table 3.2. Anyway we need to define two new channel IDs to identify the “532 cross” channel in the two polarization rotated configurations (+45 and -45 degrees) needed to apply the D90 calibration method. The same is true for the “532 parallel” channel. The polarization rotated channels should be labeled with the corresponding signal type as reported in table 3.3 (see figure 375 In this case we need to define a new configuration (called for example “depol_calibration”) as reported in the table 3.3. As you can see the configuration “depol_calibration” includes 4 “new” channels. Actually the channels “532 cross +45 degrees” (channel ID=10) and “532 cross -45 degrees” (channel ID=12) refer to the same physical channel “532 cross” reported with channel ID=3 in table 3.2. Anyway we need to define two new channel IDs to identify the “532 cross” channel in the two polarization rotated configurations (+45 and -45 degrees) needed to apply the D90 calibration method. The same is true for the “532 parallel” channel. The polarization rotated channels should be labeled with the corresponding signal type as reported in table 3.3 (see figure
373 3.1). 376 3.1).
374 377
375 **Table 3.3:** Polarization calibration configurations assuming D90 378 **Table 3.3:** Polarization calibration configurations assuming :math:`\Delta90` calibration method
376 calibration method
377 379
378 +----------------------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------+ 380 +----------------------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------+
379 | Channel Name | Channel ID | Channel Type | depol_calibration | 381 | Channel Name | Channel ID | Channel Type | depol_calibration |
380 +----------------------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------+ 382 +----------------------------+--------------+----------------+----------------------+
381 | 532 cross +45 degrees | 10 | +45elPT | x | 383 | 532 cross +45 degrees | 10 | +45elPT | x |
399 401
400 **Figure 3.3:** Options for *Linear polarization calibration product*. 402 **Figure 3.3:** Options for *Linear polarization calibration product*.
401 403
402 As you can see it is possible to fill in only the K correction factor and not the calibration constant :math:`\eta^*`. 404 As you can see it is possible to fill in only the K correction factor and not the calibration constant :math:`\eta^*`.
403 405
404 Actually for a **LIMITED** period of time it will be possible to fill in also the constant :math:`\eta^*` using a temporary tab called *Polarization calibration constant*. This has been done to provide the users with the possibility to continue to use the SCC even if an automatic calibration made by the SCC was not submitted yet. Anyway after a transition period it will be **NOT** possible to provide calibration constant using this procedure and the parameter :math:`\eta^*` can be calculated **ONLY** by the SCC as result of the submission of a proper calibration raw input dataset. The format of this input file is the same as the standard SCC input file. The only difference is that is should contain calibration measurements instead of standard measurements. Following our example, such file should contain the measurement performed at +45 and -45 degrees at 532nm. Also the channel IDs in the file should reflect the ones reported in table 3.3. 406 Actually for a **LIMITED** period of time it will be possible to fill in also the constant :math:`\eta^*` using a temporary option shown in figure 3.4. This has been done to provide the users with the possibility to continue to use the SCC even if an automatic calibration made by the SCC was not submitted yet. Anyway after a transition period it will be **NOT** possible to provide calibration constant using this procedure and the parameter :math:`\eta^*` can be calculated **ONLY** by the SCC as result of the submission of a proper calibration raw input dataset. The format of this input file is the same as the standard SCC input file. The only difference is that is should contain calibration measurements instead of standard measurements. Following our example, such file should contain the measurement performed at +45 and -45 degrees at 532nm. Also the channel IDs in the file should reflect the ones reported in table 3.3.
405 407
406 Moreover this raw input file has to contain the variables: 408 Moreover this raw input file has to contain the variables:
407 :: 409 ::
408 410
409 double Pol_Calib_Range_Min(channels) 411 double Pol_Calib_Range_Min(channels)
410 double Pol_Calib\_Range_Max(channels) 412 double Pol_Calib_Range_Max(channels)
411 413
412 where to specify the altitude ranges in meters in which the polarization calibration should be done. 414 where to specify the altitude ranges in meters in which the polarization calibration should be done.
415
416 .. figure:: media/figure3.4.png
417 :height: 806
418 :width: 1896
419 :scale: 100 %
420 :align: center
421
422 **Figure 3.4:** To provide polarization calibration (:math:`\eta^*`) values manually just use the button “Add polarization calibration” in the upper-right corner. This option will be available only for a limited period of time. After that only SCC calculated calibration constants will be accepted.
413 423
414 According to the table 3.3 this file should be something similar to: 424 According to the table 3.3 this file should be something similar to:
415 :: 425 ::
416 426
417 dimensions: 427 dimensions:
418 channels = 4 ; 428 channels = 4 ;
419 nb\_of\_time\_scales = 1 ; 429 nb_of_time_scales = 1 ;
420 points = 16380 ; 430 points = 16380 ;
421 scan\_angles = 1 ; 431 scan_angles = 1 ;
422 time = UNLIMITED ; // (3 currently) 432 time = UNLIMITED ; // (3 currently)
423 variables: 433 variables:
424 int channel\_ID(channels) ; 434 int channel_ID(channels) ;
425 double Background\_Low(channels) ; 435 double Background_Low(channels) ;
426 double Background\_High(channels) ; 436 double Background_High(channels) ;
427 int id\_timescale(channels) ; 437 int id_timescale(channels) ;
428 double Laser\_Pointing\_Angle(scan\_angles) ; 438 double Laser_Pointing_Angle(scan_angles) ;
429 int Molecular\_Calc ; 439 int Molecular_Calc ;
430 int Laser\_Pointing\_Angle\_of\_Profiles(time, nb\_of\_time\_scales) ; 440 int Laser_Pointing_Angle_of_Profiles(time, nb_of_time_scales) ;
431 int Raw\_Data\_Start\_Time(time, nb\_of\_time\_scales) ; 441 int Raw_Data_Start_Time(time, nb_of_time_scales) ;
432 int Raw\_Data\_Stop\_Time(time, nb\_of\_time\_scales) ; 442 int Raw_Data_Stop_Time(time, nb_of_time_scales) ;
433 int Laser\_Shots(time, channels) ; 443 int Laser_Shots(time, channels) ;
434 double Raw\_Lidar\_Data(time, channels, points) ; 444 double Raw_Lidar_Data(time, channels, points) ;
435 double Pressure\_at\_Lidar\_Station ; 445 double Pressure_at_Lidar_Station ;
436 double Temperature\_at\_Lidar\_Station ; 446 double Temperature_at_Lidar_Station ;
437 double Pol\_Calib\_Range\_Min(channels) ; 447 double Pol_Calib_Range_Min(channels) ;
438 double Pol\_Calib\_Range\_Max(channels) ; 448 double Pol_Calib_Range_Max(channels) ;
439 449
440 // global attributes: 450 // global attributes:
441 :System = "mysystem" ; 451 :System = "mysystem" ;
442 :Longitude\_degrees\_east = 15.723771 ; 452 :Longitude_degrees_east = 15.723771 ;
443 :RawData\_Start\_Time\_UT = "220000" ; 453 :RawData_Start_Time_UT = "220000" ;
444 :RawData\_Start\_Date = "20130620" ; 454 :RawData_Start_Date = "20130620" ;
445 :Measurement\_ID = "20130620po00" ; 455 :Measurement_ID = "20130620po00" ;
446 :Altitude\_meter\_asl = 760. ; 456 :Altitude_meter_asl = 760. ;
447 :RawData\_Stop\_Time\_UT = "230333" ; 457 :RawData_Stop_Time_UT = "230333" ;
448 :Latitude\_degrees\_north = 40.601039 ; 458 :Latitude_degrees_north = 40.601039 ;
449 459
450 data: 460 data:
451 channel\_ID = 10, 11, 12, 13 ; 461 channel_ID = 10, 11, 12, 13 ;
452 462
453 Background\_Low = 30000, 30000, 30000, 30000 ; 463 Background_Low = 30000, 30000, 30000, 30000 ;
454 464
455 Background\_High = 50000, 50000, 50000, 50000 ; 465 Background_High = 50000, 50000, 50000, 50000 ;
456 466
457 id\_timescale = 0, 0, 0, 0 ; 467 id_timescale = 0, 0, 0, 0 ;
458 468
459 Laser\_Pointing\_Angle = 0 ; 469 Laser_Pointing_Angle = 0 ;
460 470
461 Molecular\_Calc = 0 ; 471 Molecular_Calc = 0 ;
462 472
463 Laser\_Pointing\_Angle\_of\_Profiles = 473 Laser_Pointing_Angle_of_Profiles =
464 0, 474 0,
465 0, 475 0,
466 0 ; 476 0 ;
467 477
468 Raw\_Data\_Start\_Time = 478 Raw_Data_Start_Time =
469 0, 479 0,
470 300, 480 300,
471 600 ; 481 600 ;
472 482
473 Raw\_Data\_Stop\_Time = 483 Raw_Data_Stop_Time =
474 210, 484 210,
475 510, 485 510,
476 810 ; 486 810 ;
477 487
478 Laser\_Shots = 488 Laser_Shots =
479 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200, 489 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200,
480 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200, 490 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200,
481 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200 ; 491 1200, 1200, 1200, 1200 ;
482 492
483 Pressure\_at\_Lidar\_Station = 1010 ; 493 Pressure_at_Lidar_Station = 1010 ;
484 494
485 Temperature\_at\_Lidar\_Station = 14 ; 495 Temperature_at_Lidar_Station = 14 ;
486 496
487 Pol\_Calib\_Range\_Min = 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000 ; 497 Pol_Calib_Range_Min = 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000 ;
488 498
489 Pol\_Calib\_Range\_Min = 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000 ; 499 Pol_Calib_Range_Min = 2000, 2000, 2000, 2000 ;
490 500
491 Raw\_Lidar\_Data = …...; 501 Raw_Lidar_Data = …...;
492 502
493 The file above assume the following calibration measurements have been done: 503 The file above assume the following calibration measurements have been done:
494 504
495 1. First +45 degrees acquisition followed by a corresponding -45 degrees acquisition 505 1. First +45 degrees acquisition followed by a corresponding -45 degrees acquisition
496 506
546 556
547 Shots: 1200 557 Shots: 1200
548 558
549 As you can see there are 3 cycles of consecutive measurements at +45 and -45 degrees. That way the dimension :code:`time` is set to 3. 559 As you can see there are 3 cycles of consecutive measurements at +45 and -45 degrees. That way the dimension :code:`time` is set to 3.
550 560
551 The first +/-45 degrees measurement starts at “20130620 22:00:00” (start time of the first +45 measurement) and stops at “20130620 22:03:30” (stop time of the fist -45 measurement). As a consequence, according to the values of the global attributes :code:`RawData\_Start\_Date` and :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT` we have to set: 561 The first +/-45 degrees measurement starts at “20130620 22:00:00” (start time of the first +45 measurement) and stops at “20130620 22:03:30” (stop time of the fist -45 measurement). As a consequence, according to the values of the global attributes :code:`RawData_Start_Date` and :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT` we have to set:
552 562
553 :code:`Raw_Data_Start_Time[0]=0` (start of the first +45 measurement in 563 :code:`Raw_Data_Start_Time[0]=0` (start of the first +45 measurement in
554 seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time\_UT`) 564 seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT`)
555 565
556 :code:`Raw_Data_Stop_Time[0]=210` (stop of the first -45 measurement in 566 :code:`Raw_Data_Stop_Time[0]=210` (stop of the first -45 measurement in
557 seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT`) 567 seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT`)
558 568
559 Following a similar procedure for the other 2 cycles we have: 569 Following a similar procedure for the other 2 cycles we have:
560 570
561 :code:`Raw_Data_Start_Time[1]=300` (start of the second +45 measurement in seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT`) 571 :code:`Raw_Data_Start_Time[1]=300` (start of the second +45 measurement in seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT`)
562 572
563 :code:`Raw_Data_Stop_Time[1]=510` (stop of the second -45 measurement in seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time\_UT`) 573 :code:`Raw_Data_Stop_Time[1]=510` (stop of the second -45 measurement in seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT`)
564 574
565 :code:`Raw_Data_Start_Time[2]=600` (start of the third +45 measurement in seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT`) 575 :code:`Raw_Data_Start_Time[2]=600` (start of the third +45 measurement in seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT`)
566 576
567 :code:`Raw_Data_Stop_Time[2]=810` (stop of the third -45 measurement in seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT`) 577 :code:`Raw_Data_Stop_Time[2]=810` (stop of the third -45 measurement in seconds since :code:`RawData_Start_Time_UT`)
568 578
590 600
591 :code:`Raw_Lidar_Data[2][2][points]` :math:`\rightarrow` 3\ :sup:`rd` measured transmitted signal at -45 degrees 601 :code:`Raw_Lidar_Data[2][2][points]` :math:`\rightarrow` 3\ :sup:`rd` measured transmitted signal at -45 degrees
592 602
593 :code:`Raw_Lidar_Data[2][3][points]` :math:`\rightarrow` 3\ :sup:`rd` measured transmitted signal at -45 degrees 603 :code:`Raw_Lidar_Data[2][3][points]` :math:`\rightarrow` 3\ :sup:`rd` measured transmitted signal at -45 degrees
594 604
595 Once this file has been created it needs to be submitted to the SCC and linked to the configuration “depol\_calibration”. The result of the SCC analysis on this file will be the calculation of the calibration constant h\ :sup:`\*` that will be logged into the SCC database and can be used to calibrate Raman/Elastic backscatter products (see section 3.3). 605 Once this file has been created it needs to be submitted to the SCC and linked to the configuration “depol_calibration”. The result of the SCC analysis on this file will be the calculation of the calibration constant h\ :sup:`\*` that will be logged into the SCC database and can be used to calibrate Raman/Elastic backscatter products (see section 3.3).
596 606
597 3.3 Definition of “Raman/Elastic backscatter and linear depolarization ratio” 607 3.3 Definition of “Raman/Elastic backscatter and linear depolarization ratio”
598 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 608 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
599 609
600 In order to calculate the *PLDR* we need to modify the polarization related products linked to the “standard” measurement configurations (the configuration called “nighttime” and/or “daytime” in table 3.2). 610 In order to calculate the *PLDR* we need to modify the polarization related products linked to the “standard” measurement configurations (the configuration called “nighttime” and/or “daytime” in table 3.2).
674 684
675 As you can see in table 3.5, the old product IDs=3 and 6 (present in table 3.4) have been replaced with the new product ID=10 and 11 to guarantee the calculation of *PLDR*. 685 As you can see in table 3.5, the old product IDs=3 and 6 (present in table 3.4) have been replaced with the new product ID=10 and 11 to guarantee the calculation of *PLDR*.
676 686
677 It is important to set among the product options of the product ID=10 and 11 which calibration product we want to use for calibration (see section 3.2). This can be done using the SCC web interface setting the appropriate setting in the tab *Polarization calibration products* (see figure 3.4). According to the current example you should set here the calibration product defined in section 3.2. 687 It is important to set among the product options of the product ID=10 and 11 which calibration product we want to use for calibration (see section 3.2). This can be done using the SCC web interface setting the appropriate setting in the tab *Polarization calibration products* (see figure 3.4). According to the current example you should set here the calibration product defined in section 3.2.
678 688
679 .. figure:: media/figure3.4.png 689 .. figure:: media/figure3.5.png
680 :height: 102 690 :height: 102
681 :width: 1895 691 :width: 1895
682 :scale: 100 % 692 :scale: 100 %
683 :align: center 693 :align: center
684 694
685 **Figure 3.4:** How to link a product to calibrate with a calibration product. 695 **Figure 3.5:** How to link a product to calibrate with a calibration product.
686 696
687 .. warning:: Please note that also *Raman/Elastic backscatter products* need to be linked to a calibration product because the calibration constant and the corresponding correction factor is needed to calculate the total signal out of the two polarization components even if the *PLDR* is not involved in the product calculation. 697 .. warning:: Please note that also *Raman/Elastic backscatter products* need to be linked to a calibration product because the calibration constant and the corresponding correction factor is needed to calculate the total signal out of the two polarization components even if the *PLDR* is not involved in the product calculation.

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